NCHAI749 AI and Data Ethics Course Descriptor

Course Summary

This course will give students a strong foundation in key ethical issues that are emerging in data science and artificial intelligence (AI). They will gain a critical understanding of how these technologies present ethical questions which require a deep understanding both of the detailed context of application, and of pertinent philosophical questions. This encompasses not simply practical ethics as generally conceived but requires consideration of other areas of philosophy such as metaethics, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. Methodological questions concerning the application of ethical theory to practice will also be discussed. As well as developing an appreciation of the background philosophical debates, students will also be introduced to the history of work on the ethics of AI, and the considerable current work in policy and regulation for this area. 

Students will develop skills in the application of abstract philosophical and ethical concepts to practical uses, including the analysis of cases and the production of relevant policy for AI and data ethics. They will gain an appreciation of how engagement in ethical debates can contribute to the beneficial development of such technologies.

Course Aims

• To provide a strong foundation in the major ethical theories, concepts, and values relevant to current and emerging ethical issues in data science and AI.
• To develop the critical skills needed to apply theoretical concepts to ethical questions in relevant practical and technical applications.
• To understand how developments in technology may impact upon ethical reasoning and philosophical debates on specific issues, such as moral agency, accountability, privacy, responsibility, and fairness.
• To enable students to form, elaborate, and defend their own views in this field, to appreciate the relevance and value of diverse viewpoints, and contribute constructively to collaborate work aimed at addressing concrete problems.
• To develop an understanding of how philosophical thinking can contribute to the beneficial development of artificial intelligence. 

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Knowledge and Understanding

Subject Specific Skills

Transferable and Professional Skills

Teaching and Learning

Teaching and learning strategies for this course will include: 

• 15 hours of full-cohort lectures
• One one-hour one-to-one tutorials per student

Course information and supplementary materials are available on the University’s Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).

Students are required to attend and participate in all the formal and timetabled sessions for this course. Students are also expected to manage their directed learning and independent study in support of the course.

Employability Skills

• Ability to present succinct argument and analysis in both written and oral form
• Ability to work in collaborative groups
• Ability to find practical solutions and acceptable comprises to complex problems
• Awareness of how to track and understand contemporary issues in the ethics of technology
• Basic understanding of the main points of GDPR

Assessment

Formative

Students will be formatively assessed during the course by means of set assignments. These do not count towards the end of year results, but will provide students with developmental feedback, both written and oral. 

Summative

Assessment will be in two forms:

Feedback

Students will receive formal feedback in a variety of ways: written (including via email correspondence); oral (within one-to-one tutorials or on an ad hoc basis) and indirectly through discussion during group tutorials. Student’s will also attend the formal meeting, Collections, in which they will receive constructive and developmental feedback on their  performance. 

Feedback is provided on written assignments (including essays, briefings and reports) and through generic internal examiners’ reports, both of which are posted on the University’s VLE.

Indicative Reading

Note: Comprehensive and current reading lists for courses are produced annually in the Course Syllabus or other documentation provided to students; the indicative reading list provided below is used as part of the approval/modification process only.

The literature in this field is developing very rapidly and reading for the course will reflect this. 

Books

• Anderson, M. and Anderson, S.L. eds., 2011. Machine ethics. Cambridge University Press.
• Boddington, P., 2017. Towards a code of ethics for artificial intelligence. Springer International Publishing.
• Dubber, M., Pasquale, F., and Dased, S. 2020. The Oxford Handbook of the Ethics of AI, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 
• Wallach, W. and C. Allen. 2008. Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Journals

• Chouldechova, A. and Roth, A., 2018. The frontiers of fairness in machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.08810. 
• Just, N., & Latzer, M. (2017). “Governance by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet.” Media, Culture & Society, 39(2), 238-258. doi: 10.1177/0163443716643157
• Lawrence, N.D., 2017. Living together: Mind and machine intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.07996. 
• Mittelstadt, B.D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S. and Floridi, L., 2016. The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2), p.2053951716679679.
• Nissenbaum H. 2004. Privacy as contextual integrity. Wash Law Rev 79(1):119–158
• Rawahn, I. et al. 2019. Machine behaviour. Nature, 568, 477-486. 
  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1138-y
• Russell, S., Hauert, S., Altman, R. and Veloso, M., 2015. Ethics of artificial intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), pp.415-416.

Electronic Resources

• HLEG. 2019. Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Brussels: Independent High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence. https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/ai-alliance-consultation 
• IEEE Ethically Aligned Design: A vision for prioritising human wellbeing for autonomous and and intelligent systems, v 2 https://standards.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-standards/standards/web/documents/other/ead_v2.pdf 
• Science and technology committee. 2016. Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Fifth Report of Session, 17. Science and technology committee. House of Commons, London. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmsctech/896/896.pdf 
• Talking Machines podcast http://www.thetalkingmachines.com 

Indicative Topics

Students will study the following topics: 

• Ethical frameworks for AI: ethical theories and concepts, policy and regulation landscapes for data and AI ethics
• Human and machine agency, human enhancement
• Autonomy, control, and trust in AI
• ‘Moral’ machines, accountability and responsibility
• Transparency and explainability in Machine Learning, data, and AI
• Data privacy, data ownership, the digital self
• Bias of algorithms and fairness in the use of AI
• Access to and control over information, governance of social media 
• AI, data science, the future of employment, and the value of work